Existing Standards
These standards are finalized and have established adoption in the industry.
| Standard | Organization | Status | Scope | Adoption |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| glTF 2.0 | Khronos Group | Final | 3D asset interchange | High |
| OpenUSD | AOUSD | Final (24.11) | Scene description, industrial | Medium |
| OpenXR | Khronos Group | Final | XR device API | High |
| WebXR Device API | W3C | Final | Web-based XR | Medium |
| VRM | VRM Consortium | Final | Anime-style avatars | Medium (Japan) |
| ONNX | LF AI | Final | ML model interchange | High |
glTF 2.0
The primary interchange format for 3D assets with broad engine support.
- Scope: Geometry, materials, textures, animations
- AI Relevance: Most AI tools export to glTF
- Gap: No AI generation metadata extension exists
OpenUSD
The emerging scene description standard for complex scenes.
- Scope: Scene composition, hierarchies, variants
- AI Relevance: NVIDIA Cosmos native format
- Gap: No AI generation schemas defined
Standards in Development
These standards are actively being developed and not yet finalized.
| Standard | Organization | Expected Date | Scope | Relevance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KHR_gaussian_splatting | Khronos Group | Unknown (no timeline) | 3D Gaussian splat in glTF | Critical for neural representations |
| KHR_gaussian_splatting_compression_spz_2 | Khronos + Niantic | Unknown | SPZ compression for splats | Enables practical file sizes |
| KHR_interactivity | Khronos Group | Draft | Behavior graphs in glTF | Partial affordance solution |
| OpenUSD Core Spec 1.0 | AOUSD | 2025-2026 | Foundational stability | Enterprise adoption driver |
| OpenUSD Physics Extension | AOUSD | Exploring | Physics representation | Game engine alignment |
KHR_gaussian_splatting
Critical for this domain - enables neural representation interchange.
| Aspect | Status |
|---|---|
| Proposal | PR #2490 on GitHub |
| Timeline | No ratification date |
| Compression | SPZ_2 being developed |
| Engine Support | Pending standard |
KHR_interactivity
Provides behavior graphs in glTF - partial solution for affordances.
| Aspect | Status |
|---|---|
| Status | Draft |
| Scope | Visual behavior graphs |
| Gap | No semantic vocabulary for affordances |
De Facto Standards (Not Formalized)
These practices are widely used but not formally standardized.
| Practice | Origin | Adoption | Formalization Candidate? |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLY for Gaussian splats | Academic convention | High (neural tools) | No - KHR_gaussian_splatting supersedes |
| JSON generation parameters | Common practice | Medium | Yes - MSF could propose schema |
| Seed-based reproducibility | Industry practice | High | Yes - MSF determinism work |
| FBX for rigged assets | Autodesk proprietary | High | No - proprietary format |
| SPZ compression | Niantic open source | Growing | Yes - being standardized via KHR |
JSON Generation Parameters
Many tools export generation parameters as JSON, but with no common schema:
// World Labs Marble (example)
{
"prompt": "medieval castle courtyard",
"seed": 42,
"model_version": "2.1",
"generation_time_ms": 45000
}
// Meshy (different schema)
{
"input_text": "medieval castle courtyard",
"random_seed": 42,
"meshy_version": "5.0"
}
Opportunity: MSF could propose a unified schema for AI generation metadata.
Standards Coverage Map
Standards Coverage by Domain
Full Coverage
Partial Coverage
Minimal Coverage
No Coverage
Core 3D
3D Geometry 100%
Full Coverage Textures/Materials 100%
Full Coverage AI-Specific
Neural Representations (3DGS) 40%
Partial Coverage AI Generation Metadata 0%
No Coverage Runtime
Physics/Collision 60%
Partial Coverage Navigation Mesh 40%
Partial Coverage Affordances 20%
Minimal Coverage Provenance
3D Provenance 0%
No Coverage Determinism 0%
No Coverage World Package 0%
No Coverage 36% Average Coverage
2 full 3 partial 4 no 1 minimal
Critical Gaps (0% Coverage)
- AI Generation Metadata - No standard schema for prompts, seeds, model versions
- 3D Provenance - C2PA covers images/video but not 3D formats
- Determinism - No specification for reproducible generation across systems
- World Package - No portable format for complete AI-generated worlds
Partial Coverage (20-60%)
- Neural Representations - KHR_gaussian_splatting in draft
- Affordances - KHR_interactivity provides partial solution
- Navigation Mesh - Recast is de facto but not standardized
- Physics - Engine implementations only, no interchange standard
Full Coverage (100%)
- 3D Geometry - glTF, USD, FBX well-established
- Textures/Materials - PBR workflow standardized
Standards by SDO
Khronos Group
- glTF 2.0 (Final)
- OpenXR (Final)
- KHR_gaussian_splatting (Draft)
- KHR_interactivity (Draft)
AOUSD (Alliance for OpenUSD)
- OpenUSD Core Spec (24.11)
- Physics Extension (Exploring)
W3C
- WebXR Device API (Final)
- WebGPU (Developing)
C2PA Coalition
- Content Authenticity Spec (No 3D support)
LF AI
- ONNX (Final)